Unisono, 1974
GPE-0015
Unison
Videotape
Running time 1’30’’
No inscriptions
No numbering
Unnumbered, unlimited edition
art/tapes/22, Florence
The work is part of the activity of the video production and documentation centre art/tapes/22, founded in late 1972 by Maria Gloria and Giancarlo Bicocchi on Via Ricasoli 22 in Florence.
Giulio Paolini's sole videographic work, one minute long, presents in rapid succession ninety-two black and white photographs of his works, from Disegno geometrico, 1960 (GPO-0001) to Post Scriptum, 1974 (GPE-0012)1. The rapidity of the images going by eliminates almost entirely the possibility of identifying the works, creating an imperceptible summa of the photograms, as if all the works were joined in unison, as the title suggests. In the artist's own words: “Ninety-two works, dated from 1960 to 1974, forget their original image and tend to identify, in the 'space' of a minute, a habitual and unknown dimension: that of a painting”2.
The difference between perception and identification contradicts the cinematic nature of the video, whereas the overlapping of all the works in a single, undecipherable one, reformulates in other terms the fundament of Paolinian research: the work intended as a potential container of all the works imaginable, the work as the suspension of a univocal image and in itself complete in favour of an uninterrupted and undecipherable flow of echoes, reflections, fragments, that is, the minimum units of a hypothetical narrative.
To produce the video at the Florentine production studio art/tapes/22, the artist applied each of the ninety-two photographic prints to a larger blank sheet; the photographs were then filmed and edited by Bill Viola, the video operator and technical director of art/tapes/22 at the time.
1 The sequence of ninety-two images, reproduced at a speed of eight images per second, is repeated five times over the sixty-second running time of the video.
2 G. Paolini, Idem (Turin: Giulio Einaudi editore, 1975), p. 91, new edition (Milan: Electa, 2023), p. 117.
1975-76 | Long Beach, Long Beach Museum of Art, Americans in Florence / Europeans in Florence, from 12 January, touring to: Brussels, Palais des Beaux-Arts, February - March; Eindhoven, Van Abbemuseum, March; Belgrade, IDC, May; Minneapolis, Walker Art Center, 24 May - 22 June; Seattle, Henry Galllery, [unknown dates]; Houston, Contemporary Art Museum, [unknown dates]; Syracuse, Everson Museum, [unknown dates]; Fort Worth, Museum of Art, [unknown dates]; Winnipeg, Winnipeg Art Gallery, February-March 1976, repr. n. pag., with note by the artist Ninety-two works.... |
1975 | Philadelphia, Institute of Contemporary Art, Video Art, 17 January - 28 February, touring to: Ohio, Cincinnati, The Contemporary Arts Center, 22 March - 30 May; Chicago, Museum of Contemporay Art, 28 June - 31 August; Connecticut, Hartford, Wadsworth Atheneum, 17 September - 2 November, cited in the checklist of exhibited works p. 53, repr. p. 37. |
1975 | Paris, Espace Pierre Cardin, Rencontre Internationale Ouverte de Vidéo, 20-25 February, touring to: Ferrara, Galleria Civica d’Arte Moderna, [unknown dates], cited in the checklist of exhibited works n. pag., with note by the artist 92 travaux..., not repr. |
1975 | Milan, Rotonda di via Besana, Fotomedia, 24 March - 13 April, repr. n. pag. |
1975 | Buenos Aires, CAYC Centro de Arte y Comunicación, Fourth International Open Encounter on Video, 31 October - 14 November, repr. n. pag., with note by the artist Ninety-two works.... |
1976 | Helsinki, Amos Andersonin Taidemuseo, Fotomedia, 22 April - 16 May, cited in the checklist of exhibited works p. 8, not repr. |
1981 | Paris, Musée national d’art moderne Centre Georges Pompidou, Identité italienne. L’art en Italie depuis 1959, 25 June - 7 September, repr. p. 467. |
1983 | Pescara, Centro di Servizi Culturali, L’avanguardia plurale. Italia 1960-70, April - May, repr. p. 65, with note by the artist Novantadue opere.... |
1988 | Taormina, Cominciamenti. Taormina arte 1988. 3a Rassegna internazionale del video d’autore, 30 August - 1 September, not repr., note by the artist Novantadue opere... p. 73, referred to the interview with M. G. Bicocchi by A. Cigala and V. Valentini, and in the interview with the artist by A. Cigala p. 79. |
1992 | Bonn, Bonner Kunstverein, Giulio Paolini. Impressions graphiques. Das graphische Werk 1967-1992, 24 February - 29 March (catalogue Impressions graphiques. L’opera grafica 1967-1992 di Giulio Paolini [Turin: Marco Noire Editore, 1992], cat. no. 15). |
1993 | Winterthur, Kunstmuseum Winterthur, Giulio Paolini. Impressions graphiques. Das druckgraphische Werk 1967-1992, 16 January - 7 March (catalogue Impressions graphiques. L’opera grafica 1967-1992 di Giulio Paolini [Turin: Marco Noire Editore, 1992], cat. no. 15). |
1995 | Lisbon, Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian / Centro de Arte Moderna José de Azeredo Perdigão, Giulio Paolini. Impressions graphiques. Múltiplos e Obra Gráfica 1969-1995, 16 March - 28 May, not repr. in the exhibition brochure (catalogue Impressions graphiques. L’opera grafica 1967-1992 di Giulio Paolini [Turin: Marco Noire Editore, 1992], cat. no. 15). |
1996 | Apolda, Kunsthaus Apolda Avantgarde, Giulio Paolini. Impressions graphiques, 27 September - 27 October (catalogue Impressions graphiques. L’opera grafica 1967-1992 di Giulio Paolini [Turin: Marco Noire Editore, 1992], cat. no. 15). |
1997 | Göppingen, Kunsthalle, Giulio Paolini. Impressions graphiques. Das graphische Druckwerk 1967-1995, 9 March - 13 April (catalogue Impressions graphiques. L’opera grafica 1967-1992 di Giulio Paolini [Turin: Marco Noire Editore, 1992], cat. no. 15). |
2005 | Turin, Galleria Franco Noero, Camera fissa, 29 March - 2 April. |
2008 | Long Beach, California State University, College of the Arts, art/tapes/22, 4 September - 19 October, cited in the checklist of exhibited works p. 99, not repr., referred to in the text by A. Hutchison pp. 16-17. |
2008 | Torino, GAM Galleria Civica d’Arte Moderna e Contemporanea, Cronostasi. Film e video d’artista 1961-1985, 25 October 2008 - 6 January 2009, repr. p. 73, note by the artist Novantadue opere... p. 72, catalogue entry by E. Volpato p. 74. |
2014 | Strombeek-Bever, Cultuurcentrum Strombeek, Arte Povera A-Z. Deel 1, 3-30 October, cited in the checklist of exhibited works n. pag., not repr. |
2022 | Genoa, Palazzo Reale, Teatro del Falcone, Genova Sessanta. Arti visive, architettura e società, 14 April - 31 July, repr. p. 247, with entry by F. Miroglio. |
2022-23 | Paris, Jeu de Paume and LE BAL, Renverser ses yeux. Autour de l’arte povera 1960-1975: photographie, film, vidéo, 11 October 2022 - 29 January 2023, touring to: Milan, Triennale Milano, 17 May - 3 September, cited in the checklist of exhibited works p. 396, repr. p. 227, referred to in the text by E. Volpato p. 352; exhibited only in Paris. |
2024 | Venice, Fondazione Prada, Monte di Pietà. Un progetto di Christoph Büchel, 20 April - 24 November, cited and repr. in the exhibition guide. |
• | G. Paolini, “Novantadue opere...”, in Id., Idem (Turin: Giulio Einaudi editore, 1975), p. 91; first published in Rencontre Internationale Ouverte de Vidéo, exhibition catalogue, Paris, Espace Pierre Cardin, 1975, n. pag., in French; republished in Fourth International Open Encounter on Video, exhibition catalogue, Buenos Aires, CAYC Centro de Arte y Comunicación, 1975, n. pag., in English; Americans in Florence / Europeans in Florence. Videotapes produced by Art/Tapes/22, exhibition catalogue, California, Long Beach Museum of Art, 1975-76, n. pag., in English; L’avanguardia plurale. Italia 1960-70, exhibition catalogue, Pescara, Centro di Servizi Culturali, 1983, p. 65; Giulio Paolini, vol. Images/Index (Villeurbanne: Le Nouveau Musée, 1984), p. 38, in Italian; Id., Suspense. Breve storia del vuoto in tredici stanze (Florence: Hopeful Monster editore, 1988), p. 171; Cominciamenti, exhibition catalogue, Taormina Arte, 1988, III Rassegna Internazionale del Video d’Autore (Rome: De Luca Edizioni d’Arte, 1988), p. 79; Giulio Paolini. Il “Teatro” dell’opera, exhibition catalogue, Pesaro, Galleria Franca Mancini (Ravenna: Agenzia Editoriale Essegi, 1991), p. 26; Impressions graphiques. L'opera grafica 1967-1992 di Giulio Paolini (Turin: Marco Noire Editore, 1992), cat. no. 15; Cronostasi. Film e video d’artista 1961-1985, exhibition catalogue, Turin, GAM Galleria Civica d’Arte Moderna e Contemporanea (Turin: Hopefulmonster editore, 2009), p. 72; new edition of G. Paolini, Idem (Milan: Electa, 2023), p. 117. |
• | G. Paolini in the interview with A. Di Genova, “L’arte in cerca d’autore”, in Il manifesto (Rome), 29 November 2013, p. 10. |
• | G. Paolini, Idem (Turin: Giulio Einaudi editore, 1975), p. 91 (note by the artist Novantadue opere...), repr. pp. 90-91, new edition (Milan: Electa, 2023), p. 117 (note by the artist Novantadue opere...), repr. pp. 116-117. |
• | A. Bonito Oliva, Autocritico Automobile. Attraverso le Avanguardie (Milan: Edizioni Il Formichiere, 1977), p. 198, not repr. |
• | G. Celant, Offmedia. Nuove tecniche artistiche: video disco libro (Bari: Dedalo libri, 1977), repr. no. 41 p. 50. |
• | La Biennale di Venezia. Annuario 1978. Eventi del 1976-77 (Venice: Archivio storico delle arti contemporanee, 1979), pp. 498, 508, not repr. |
• | Giulio Paolini, vol. Images/Index (Villeurbanne: Le Nouveau Musée, 1984), repr. p. 38, with note by the artist Novantadue opere.... |
• | B. Corà, “Tutto qui (o la preesistenza dell’opera in Giulio Paolini)”, in Giulio Paolini. Tutto qui, exhibition catalogue, Ravenna, Pinacoteca Comunale, Loggetta Lombardesca (Ravenna: Agenzia Editoriale Essegi, 1985), pp. 17-18, repr. p. 23. |
• | G. Paolini, Suspense. Breve storia del vuoto in tredici stanze (Florence: Hopeful Monster editore, 1988), repr. p. 171, with note by the artist Novantadue opere.... |
• | F. Poli, “Note di lettura”, in Giulio Paolini (Turin: Lindau, 1990), p. 38, not repr.; republished in Giulio Paolini. Von heute bis gestern / Da oggi a ieri, exhibition catalogue, Graz, Neue Galerie im Landesmuseum Joanneum (Ostfildern-Ruit: Cantz Verlag, 1998), p. 61, not repr. |
• | Giulio Paolini. Il “Teatro” dell’opera, exhibition catalogue, Pesaro, Galleria Franca Mancini (Ravenna: Agenzia Editoriale Essegi, 1991), p. 28 (note by the artist Novantadue opere...), repr. p. 29. |
• | Impressions graphiques. L’opera grafica 1967-1992 di Giulio Paolini (Turin: Marco Noire Editore, 1992), cat. no. 15, repr., with note by the artist Novantadue opere.... |
• | Bill Viola. Vedere con la mente e con il cuore, edited by V. Valentini (Rome: Gangemi, 1993), p. 40, not repr. |
• | L. Cherubini, “Le città e la forma”, in Giulio Paolini. Esposizione Universale, exhibition catalogue, Sabbioneta, Galleria degli Antichi (Ravenna: Danilo Montanari Editore, 1997), p. 36, not repr. |
• | C.G. Saba, “Note per un archivio reminiscente”, in La rivista bianca FMR 9 (Villanova di Castenaso), October-November, 2009, p. 92, repr. pp. 92-93. |
• | D. Lancioni, “Un enigma in prospettiva”, in Giulio Paolini. Gli uni e gli altri. L'enigma dell'ora, exhibition catalogue, Rome, Palazzo delle Esposizioni (Milan: Skira editore, 2010), p. 21, repr. |
• | R. Venturi, “Fare schermo all’immagine. Su Unisono di Giulio Paolini”, in Giulio Paolini. Vedo e non vedo. In tema 1 (Turin-Mantua: Fondazione Giulio e Anna Paolini and Corraini Edizioni, 2014), pp. 118-144, repr. p. 117. |
• | art/tapes/22. Le origini della videoarte, edited by A. Mazzanti (Cinisello Balsamo: Silvana Editoriale, 2017), pp. 20 (referred to in the text by G. Melotti), 112 (referred to in the text by V. Gensini), 141-151 (referred to in the text by E. Charans), 173 (referred to in the text by A. Mazzanti), repr. p. 144. |
• | L. Iamurri, Giulio Paolini. Teresa nella parte di Giovanna d’Arco in prigione (tavola ottica), 1969. In collezione 5 (Turin-Mantua: Fondazione Giulio e Anna Paolini and Corraini Edizioni, 2018), p. 56, repr. p. 57. |