Contemplator enim, 1991
GPE-0080
Lithograph
Seven plates 70 x 50 cm each
Signed on the colophon of the portfolio: “Giulio Paolini”
Autograph numbering on the colophon of the portfolio
100 in Arabic numerals from 1/100 to 100/100
30 in Roman numerals from I/XXX to XXX/XXX
Galleria Christian Stein, Milan-Turin
Tipografia Torinese, Grugliasco (Turin)
The portfolio was produced by the Galleria Christian Stein, Milan-Turin in association with the publication of Paolini's book with the same title and the same contents. In the book, divided into seven chapters, the plates are accompanied by the writings, while in the portfolio the seven loose plates are accompanied by a bi-folio with the texts. The title Contemplator enim represents a specific theme developed by the artist in 1991, which was also expressed in another work commissioned from the artist by Christian Stein for the garden of her Milanese home during the same months (cf. GPO-0684).
Double-sided three-flap black faux leather folder with black cloth spine and black ribbon ties, closed format 70.5 x 51 x 1 cm; on the front board white label with titles in black (author, title). Contains the seven plates and three bi-folios: the first with the title-page (first side) and the colophon (third side), the other two with a text by the author, in Italian and in English, respectively.
Includes information regarding the plates, edition size, author of the photographs that make up the plates (Paolo Mussat Sartor), date of printing (March 1991), publisher, and printer. Numbering and signature bottom centre.
Unabridged republication of the text by the artist written for the book from the same period, Contemplator enim (Milan-Florence: Galleria Christian Stein and Hopefulmonster editore, 1991). The preface (Mai più una mostra) is followed by seven numbered, titled chapters: I. Pro memoria [anthology of writings and notes 1963-1989], II. Rovine future, III. La città proibita, IV. Fuoco fatuo, V. L’ospite, VI. Fuori l’autore, VII. Contemplator enim.
The nine plates, each individually framed without a passepartout, must be arranged at short intervals from each other and horizontally (overall dimensions around 71 x 370 cm). The order of the sequence is binding: at the centre of the first one is a black pedestal; the second one has a photographic set, the third one features two valets, the fourth one an ancient view in perspective, the fifth one has a self-portrait drawn by the artist, the sixth one a partial view of the reversed canvas of Velázquez's Meninas, the last one a modular structure.
The seven plates reproduce two views of the entrance hall of Giulio Paolini's home in Turin – an angular view in the first and last plate, a view from the front in the intermediate ones – which become the theatre of a different episode each time.
In the first plate, the model of an exhibition space, placed on a black pedestal, hosts in the background a blank surface, a painting without a face. In the second plate, a spotlight on the ceiling converses with a photograph, arranged diagonally, that reproduces a photographer intent on arranging the lights of a photographic set. In the third plate, a pair of valets wearing theatre costumes holds seven photographic details (as many as the plates in the folder itself) of plaster fragments.1 In the fourth plate, an ancient view of Piazza Vittorio Veneto in Turin (overlooked by Paolini's home) serves as a backdrop, while at the centre, in the area corresponding to the vanishing point of the perspective, a hand holds a blank sheet that is dispersed in fragments, scattered on this side of the illusory view of the city. In the fourth plate, a drawn self-portrait of the artist, with a drawing pin in the area corresponding to the left eye, overlaps the image of a blank canvas, set down on an easel, thus alluding to the role of the "guest" assumed by the author before the work of art.2 In the sixth plate, the verso of the painting that in Las Meninas (1656) by Diego Velázquez the painter is intent on painting is offset by a blank canvas, which reflects the unknown identity of the painting hidden from our gaze.3 Lastly, the seventh plate features the image of a large modular metal structure,4 inside which a reflector is turned towards a copy of the photograph itself of the entrance hall in Paolini's home.
The print edition is part of the main work theme of 1991, based on the drawing and on the photographic reproduction of Paolini's home, with two doors at the rear.5 The Latin expression in the title (”behold thus”– borrowed from the poem De rerum natura (1st century BC) by the Roman philosopher and poet Titus Lucretius Carus – recalls the lines in which our gaze is invited to contemplate the movement of the atoms in the bundle of light of several sunbeams filtering into a dark room.6 In the prints, the invitation to observe is translated into the mise-en-scène of episodes announcing to the gazer hypothetical images, ones still without an identity, inviting him to wait. Hence, the exit from the stage of the author, who privileges the role of the viewer, the emphasis on the visual act, the direction of the spotlights on the space of the representation, the use of perspective and trompe-l’œil as devices of the gaze, the blank canvas as the projection screen of any image possible, the modular structure as the potential container of all the works imaginable.
The ensemble of original collages on which the portfolio is based is documented in the online Catalogue Raisonné of the works on paper at number GPC-0807.
1 The details come from the poster made for the solo show at the Studio Marconi, Milan, in 1984 (cf. the description of print edition GPE-0051 at note 1).
2 The image reproduces the artist's work titled L’ospite, 1986 (GPO-0569). The drawn face, outlined after a portrait taken by the photographer Gérard Amséllem in 1983, is also corroborated in two other prints from 1991 (GPE-0081, GPE-0082).
3 In this sense, the blank canvas recalls the role of the mirror at the back of the room in the painting by Velázquez – in which the image of the Spanish Royals that the painter is presumably intent on portraying is reflected – as Paolini notes in his interview with M. Bourel, Giulio Paolini. Contemplateur donc, in Art Press 164 (Paris), December, 1991, p. 20.
4 The structure based on the multiplication of Disegno geometrico (cf. GPO-0001), recalled through the dimensions and the diagonals, represents a three-dimensional version of that conceptual matrix and fundament for Paolini's poetics. The volumetric structure, which appears here for the first time, was made the following year, to install the artist's solo shows at the Christian Stein, Milan and Yvon Lambert, Paris galleries, in the fall of 1992. The drawing of the structure can also be found in the print titled Promenade, 1992 (GPE-0088).
5 The theme is explored first in the large-forrmat works titled Contemplator enim (cfr. GPO-0681, GPO-0683), while among the works on paper from 1991 a similar iconography can be found in several untitled studies (GPC-0812, GPC-0813, GPC-0814, GPC-0817, GPC-0818, GPC-0819).
6 Lucretius, De rerum natura, Book II, l. 114 ff.
• Fourth plate: engraving portraying Piazza Vittorio Veneto, Turin.
• Fifth plate: figure from a portrait of Giulio Paolini taken by Gérard Amsellem, 1983.
• Sixth plate, verso of the canvas: Diego Velázquez, Las Meninas, 1656, oil on canvas, 318 x 276 cm, Museo del Prado, Madrid.
• Background images: views of the entrance hallway of Giulio Paolini's home taken by Paolo Mussat Sartor, 1991.
• Title from Lucrezio, De rerum natura, Book II, lines 114-115 (“Contemplator enim, cum solis lumina cumque inserti fundunt radii per opaca domorum” / “Behold whenever the sun’s light and the rays, let in, pour down across dark halls of houses”).
1991 | Pesaro, Galleria Franca Mancini, Giulio Paolini. Il “Teatro” dell’opera, 10 August - 20 September, col. repr. n. pag. (plate La città proibita). |
1992 | Bonn, Bonner Kunstverein, Giulio Paolini. Impressions graphiques. Das graphische Werk 1967-1992, 24 February - 29 March (catalogue Impressions graphiques. L’opera grafica 1967-1992 di Giulio Paolini [Turin: Marco Noire Editore, 1992], cat. no. 81). |
1993 | Winterthur, Kunstmuseum Winterthur, Giulio Paolini. Impressions graphiques. Das druckgraphische Werk 1967-1992, 16 January - 7 March (catalogue Impressions graphiques. L’opera grafica 1967-1992 di Giulio Paolini [Turin: Marco Noire Editore, 1992], cat. no. 81). |
1993 | Prato, Centro per l’Arte Contemporanea Luigi Pecci, Inside Out – Museo Città Eventi, 27 March - 16 May, cited in the checklist of exhibited works p. 108, repr. pp. 10 (plate L’ospite), 25 (plate Fuoco fatuo), 26 (plate Fuori l’autore). |
1995 | Lisbon, Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian / Centro de Arte Moderna José de Azeredo Perdigão, Giulio Paolini. Impressions graphiques. Múltiplos e Obra Gráfica 1969-1995, 16 March - 28 May, not repr. in the exhibition brochure (catalogue Impressions graphiques. L’opera grafica 1967-1992 di Giulio Paolini [Turin: Marco Noire Editore, 1992], cat. no. 81). |
1996 | Apolda, Kunsthaus Apolda Avantgarde, Giulio Paolini. Impressions graphiques, 27 September - 27 October (catalogue Impressions graphiques. L’opera grafica 1967-1992 di Giulio Paolini [Turin: Marco Noire Editore, 1992], cat. no. 81). |
1997 | Göppingen, Kunsthalle, Giulio Paolini. Impressions graphiques. Das graphische Druckwerk 1967-1995, 9 March - 13 April (catalogue Impressions graphiques. L’opera grafica 1967-1992 di Giulio Paolini [Turin: Marco Noire Editore, 1992], cat. no. 81). |
1999 | London, Lisson Gallery, Giulio Paolini. Stanze, 16 April - 22 May. |
2000 | San Gabriele (Teramo), Fondazione Staurós Italiana Onlus, Nona Biennale d’Arte Sacra, 15 July - 15 October, col. repr. p. 239. |
2001 | Milan, Association Jacqueline Vodoz et Bruno Danese, Impressions Graphiques. L’opera grafica di Giulio Paolini, 1967-2000, 17 May - 22 June, not repr. |
2002 | Modena, Biblioteca civica d’arte Luigi Poletti, Giulio Paolini. Pagine, 20 September - 23 November, not repr. (on p. 65 reproduction of the plate Rovine future in the book Contemplator enim). |
2017-18 | Bologna, Biblioteca Universitaria, Vedere l’invisibile. Lucrezio nell’arte contemporanea, 20 November 2017 - 14 January 2018, col. repr. p. 72 (plate L’Ospite), entry by R. Pinto p. 73. |
• | G. Paolini in the interview with M. Bourel, “Giulio Paolini. Contemplateur donc”, in Art Press 164 (Paris), December, 1991, pp. 19-21, in French; republished in Giulio Paolini. La voce del pittore – Scritti e interviste 1965-1995, edited by M. Disch (Lugano: ADV Publishing House, 1995), pp. 260-261, in Italian. |
• | G. Paolini, Contemplator enim (Milan-Florence: Galleria Christian Stein and Hopefulmonster editore, 1991), col. repr. pp. 13 (Pro memoria), 19 (Rovine future), 25 (La città proibita), 29 (Fuoco fatuo), 32 (L’ospite), 37 (Fuori l’autore), 41 (Contemplator enim). |
• | A. Zevi, “Giulio Paolini: Le repliche del naufragio / The replicas of the shipwreck”, in L’Architettura 37, no. 433 (Rome), November, 1991, col. repr. pp. 906-907 (with the exception of Pro memoria). |
• | M. Bourel, “Giulio Paolini. Contemplateur donc”, in Art Press 164 (Paris), December, 1991, pp. 19-21, col. repr. p. 18 (Fuori l’autore). |
• | Impressions graphiques. L’opera grafica 1967-1992 di Giulio Paolini (Turin: Marco Noire Editore, 1992), cat. no. 81, col. repr., with text by the artist Abito qui...; the caption is erroneously linked to catalogue number 80 in the unpaginated list of works. |
• | M. Disch, “Giulio Paolini. Hors-d’œuvre”, in Giulio Paolini. La voce del pittore – Scritti e interviste 1965-1995, edited by Id. (Lugano: ADV Publishing House, 1995), pp. 96-98, 100-101, 114, repr. no. 22 (Fuori l’autore). |
• | Giulio Paolini. Von heute bis gestern / Da oggi a ieri, exhibition catalogue, Graz, Neue Galerie im Landesmuseum Joanneum (Osfildern-Ruit: Cantz Verlag, 1998), col. repr. pp. 293-299. |
• | Lucrezio, De rerum natura (Turin: Giulio Einaudi editore, 2003), col. repr. |
• | G.R. Utley, “Las Meninas in Twentieth-Century Art”, in Velázquez’ “Las Meninas”, edited by S. Stratton-Pruitt (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003), p. 192, repr. p. 193 (Fuori l’autore, in negative). |
• | M. Disch, Giulio Paolini. Catalogo ragionato 1960-1999, vol. 2 (Milan: Skira editore, 2008), cat. no. 681 p. 694, not repr. |
• | Luciano Fabro. Habiter l’autonomie / Inhabiting Autonomy, edited by B. Rüdiger (Lyon: École nationale des beaux-arts, 2010), col. repr. pp. 143-149. |
• | I. Bernardi, M. Disch, “Giulio Paolini: L’autore che credeva di esistere. Un autoritratto in absentia”, in Giulio Paolini. Sulla soglia, exhibition catalogue, Rome, Giacomo Guidi Arte Contemporanea, 2013, pp. 48-50, col. repr. p. 41 (Fuori l’autore). |
• | D. Pellacani, “Deviazioni e incontri: il De rerum natura tra letteratura e arte”, in Ragione e furore. Lucrezio nell’Italia contemporanea, edited by F. Citti and D. Pellacani (Bologna: Edizioni Pendragon, 2020), pp. LIV-LV, col. repr. nos. 79-85. |
• | R. Pinto, Gli artisti e Lucrezio, una storia ancora viva, ibid., p. 15. |